PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.